Ansiedad y odontofobia, factores psicológicos incidentes en la salud oral de los niños [Anxiety and dental phobia, psychological factors affecting children's oral health]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62574/3d03td62Palabras clave:
consultorios odontológicos, servicio de odontología hospitalaria, laboratorios odontológicosResumen
Objetivo: analizar los factores psicológicos asociados con la ansiedad y la odontofobia en niños. Método: revisión sistemática en población de 30 articulos científicos. Resultados y Conclusión: La ansiedad dental y la odontofobia en niños son condiciones multifactoriales que impactan significativamente su salud oral y calidad de vida, siendo influenciadas por factores psicológicos, sociales y, en algunos casos, genéticos. Estas condiciones no solo aumentan el riesgo de caries y enfermedades periodontales debido a la evitación de tratamientos, sino que también afectan el bienestar emocional y social de los pacientes pediátricos. Las estrategias de manejo basadas en evidencia, como la distracción audiovisual, la terapia cognitivo-conductual y la adaptación sensorial del entorno han demostrado ser efectivas, especialmente cuando se combinan con la educación parental.
Descargas
Referencias
Gómez O, Montes V. Análisis de los factores asociados a la odontofobia en los pacientes de la Clínica Integral VII. Rev Digit Pasión Saber. 2013;3(5):3-12.
Padmanabhan V, Islam MS, Habib M, et al. Association between salivary cortisol levels, dental anxiety, and dental caries in children: a cross-sectional study. Dent J. 2023;11(9):205.
Ying J, Tao H, He Q, et al. Children’s dental fear: occurrence mechanism and prevention guidance. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2023;16:2013-2021.
Slabšinskienė E, Kavaliauskienė A, Žemaitienė M, et al. Dental fear and associated factors among children and adolescents: a school-based study in Lithuania. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16):8883.
Merdad L, El-Housseiny AA. Do children’s previous dental experience and fear affect their perceived oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)? BMC Oral Health. 2017;17:47.
Flores V, Anthony J. Eficacia de la distracción contingente sobre el nivel de ansiedad en niños de 6 a 10 años que asisten al Centro Odontológico de la Facultad de Odontología de la UCSM Arequipa, 2023.
Montero IVS, Cala GM, Almanza YML. Eficacia de materiales de mínima intervención odontológica: revisión sistemática. 2023.
Esa R, Jamaludin M, Yusof ZYM. Impact of maternal and child dental anxiety on oral health-related quality of life of 5–6-year-old preschool children. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18:319.
Gao S, Lu J, Li P, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of children’s dental anxiety in China: a longitudinal study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(4):e043647.
Alharbi A, Humphris G, Freeman R. The associations among dental anxiety, self-esteem, and oral health-related quality of life in children: a cross-sectional study. Dent J. 2023;11(7):179.
Reyes JMV, Castellano-Prada D, El-Ghannam-Ruisánchez Y, Martín LAD. Caracterización de pacientes con miedo al odontólogo. Acta Odontológica Colomb. 2015;5(2):33-46.
Al-Namankany A, Petrie A, Ashley P. Video modelling for reducing anxiety related to the use of nasal masks place it for inhalation sedation: a randomised clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(1):13-18.
Appukuttan D. Strategies to manage patients with dental anxiety and dental phobia: literature review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2016;35.
Qazi SH, Masoud S, Tariq K, et al. Effectiveness of auditory distraction on the management of dental anxiety in patients undergoing tooth extraction at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2024;10(2):e863.
Gil-Abando G, Medina P, Signorini C, et al. Assessment of clinical parameters of dental anxiety during noninvasive treatments in dentistry. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):11141.
Guinot F, Mercadé M, Oprysnyk L, et al. Comparison of active versus passive audiovisual distraction tools on children’s behaviour, anxiety and pain in paediatric dentistry: a randomised crossover clinical trial. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2021;22(3):230-236.
Corrêa-Faria P, Viana KA, Raggio DP, et al. Recommended procedures for the management of early childhood caries lesions – a scoping review by the Children Experiencing Dental Anxiety: Collaboration on Research and Education (CEDACORE). BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):75.
Rosa A, Pujia AM, Docimo R, Arcuri C. Managing dental phobia in children with the use of virtual reality: a systematic review of the current literature. Children. 2023;10(11):1763.
Ide-Okochi A, Funayama H, Asada Y. Pediatric dentists’ perspectives of children with special health care needs in Japan: developmental disabilities, phobia, maltreatment, and multidisciplinary collaboration. BMC Pediatr. 2021;21(1):240.
Gomes HDS, Anabuki AA, Viana KA, et al. Assessment of child’s dental anxiety/fear and stress during dental treatment: a systematic review by CEDACORE. Braz Oral Res. 2022;36:e067.
Dahal S, Shrestha A, Bhagat T. Prevalence of dental fear among 6-15 years old school children. J Nepal Med Assoc. 2020;58(221). Disponible en: https://www.jnma.com.np/jnma/index.php/jnma/article/view/4791
Schibbye R, Hedman-Lagerlöf E, Kaldo V, Dahllöf G, Shahnavaz S. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for children and adolescents with dental or injection phobia: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2024;26:e42322.
Brännemo I, Levinsson A, Hasselblad T, Dahllöf G, Tsilingaridis G. Parental psychosocial factors and children's oral health-related quality of life: Data from a caries prevention study with phone-based support. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):94. Published 2025 Jan 18. doi:10.1186/s12903-025-05446-z
Gavić L, Tadin A, Gulin J, Jerković D, Hrvatin S, Sidhu SK. Relationship Between Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale, Child's Dental Status and Parental Psychological Profiles. Psychiatr Danub. 2022;34(Suppl 10):168-172.
Ludovichetti FS, Zuccon A, Zambon G, et al. Maternal mental health and children oral health: a literature review. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2023;24(2):99-103. doi:10.23804/ejpd.2023.1833
Ramseier CA, Klima S, Klima E, Enkling N. Dental anxiety in Switzerland: trends in prevalence and associations with socioeconomic factors in 2010 and 2017. Swiss Dent J. 2023;134(1):52-71. Published 2023 Sep 28. doi:10.61872/sdj-2024-05-01
Zhou Y, McNeil DW, Haworth S, et al. Genome-wide Scan of Dental Fear and Anxiety Nominates Novel Genes. J Dent Res. 2022;101(12):1526-1536. doi:10.1177/00220345221105226
Dias C, Schwertner C, Grando D, et al. Caregiving of children with Down syndrome: impact on quality of life, stress, mental and oral health. Spec Care Dentist. 2022;42(4):398-403. doi:10.1111/scd.12694
Carrillo-Díaz M, Migueláñez-Medrán BC, Nieto-Moraleda C, Romero-Maroto M, González-Olmo MJ. How Can We Reduce Dental Fear in Children? The Importance of the First Dental Visit. Children (Basel). 2021;8(12):1167. Published 2021 Dec 9. doi:10.3390/children8121167
Fallea A, Zuccarello R, Roccella M, et al. Sensory-Adapted Dental Environment for the Treatment of Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Children (Basel). 2022;9(3):393. Published 2022 Mar 10. doi:10.3390/children9030393
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Ángelo Sebastian Paredes-Jinez, Zuleika Sarahi Chango-Sisalema, Juan Diego Vallejo-Angulo, Luis Darío Pérez-Villalba (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
CC BY-NC-SA : Esta licencia permite a los reutilizadores distribuir, remezclar, adaptar y construir sobre el material en cualquier medio o formato solo con fines no comerciales, y solo siempre y cuando se dé la atribución al creador. Si remezcla, adapta o construye sobre el material, debe licenciar el material modificado bajo términos idénticos.
