Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for HIV-associated dementia: phosphorylated TAU protein and interleukin [Biomarcadores en líquido cefalorraquídeo para demencia asociada a VIH: proteína TAU fosforilada e interleucina]

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62574/n4pr8758

Keywords:

HIV, dementia, biomarkers

Abstract

Objective: Analyse biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid for the early diagnosis of HIV-associated dementia. Method: Retrospective descriptive literature review in PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science during 2020-2025. DeCS terms were used: HIV, dementia, biomarkers. Using the PRISMA methodology, 23 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Results: Up to 50% of people with HIV experience neurocognitive impairment. The biomarkers identified include total tau protein, phosphorylated tau, β-amyloid 42, light chain neurofilament, IL-6 and MCP-1, showing high sensitivity and specificity. Combined antiretroviral therapy is the main treatment for preventing severe complications. In Ecuador, diagnosis is based mainly on clinical criteria due to the limited availability of biomarkers. Conclusions: Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid allow early detection of neurological damage. Epidemiological surveillance needs to be strengthened and biomarkers integrated into national diagnostic protocols.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Sánchez A, García C, Rodríguez L. Manifestaciones neurológicas del VIH y su diagnóstico. Rev Cubana Neurol Neurocir. 2020;2(2):26.

Hussain H, Fadel A, García E, Michel G, Saadoondo ZF, Fernandes A, et al. HIV and dementia. The Microbe. 2024;2:100052.

Orozco JC, Díaz JRDL, Brenes AGM. Aproximación a la intervención de la demencia desde los cuidados paliativos. Cienc Lat Rev Cient Multidiscip. 2024;8(1):690–708.

Ballesta-Martínez S, Espinosa-Rueda J, Tarí-Ferrer L, Crusells-Canales MJ, Lambea-Gil A. Rapidly progressive dementia as the initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2022;45(2).

Tumbaco-Quirumbay JA, Durán-Pincay YE. VIH/Sida en Ecuador: epidemiología, comorbilidades, mutaciones y resistencia a antirretrovirales. Dominio Cienc. 2021;7(3):341–354.

Díaz YMS, Orlando-Narváez SA, Ballester-Arnal R. Risk behaviors for HIV infection: a review of emerging trends. Cienc Saude Colet. 2019;24:1417–1426.

Oliva J, et al. Predictors of advanced disease and late presentation in new HIV diagnoses reported to the surveillance system in Spain. Gac Sanit. 2014;28:116–122.

De la Mora L, Mallolas J, Ambrosioni J. Epidemiology, treatment and prognosis of HIV infection in 2024: a practical review. Med Clin (Engl Ed). 2024.

Álvarez MG, Lavalle MH, Ahumada CA. Retraso diagnóstico de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Av Salud. 2019;3(1):34–44.

Flores G, Oropesa L, Calderón EO, Calderón GO. Trastornos cognitivos asociados al VIH. Rev Neuropsicol Latinoam. 2020.

Custodio N, Escobar J, Altamirano J. Demencia asociada a infección por VIH tipo 1. Rev Neuropsiquiatr. 2018;81(4):252–260.

Krishnan V, Vigorito M, Kota NK, Chang SL. Meta-Analysis on Nicotine's Modulation of HIV-Associated Dementia. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2022;17(3-4):487-502.

Rosca EC, Tadger P, Cornea A, Tudor R, Oancea C, Simu M. International HIV Dementia Scale for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021;11(6):1124.

Ober V, Angstwurm M, Schmid-Tannwald C, Rieber S, Bogner JR. HIV-assoziierte neurokognitive Demenz (HAND) bei einem 53-Jährigen. MMW Fortschr Med. 2022;164(Suppl 2):63-65.

Cornea A, Lata I, Simu M, Rosca EC. Assessment and Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Dementia. Viruses. 2023;15(2):378.

Published

2025-10-20

Issue

Section

Originales breves

How to Cite

1.
Poveda-Paredes FX, Poveda-Paredes SO, Escobar-Martínez PJ. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for HIV-associated dementia: phosphorylated TAU protein and interleukin [Biomarcadores en líquido cefalorraquídeo para demencia asociada a VIH: proteína TAU fosforilada e interleucina]. CER [Internet]. 2025 Oct. 20 [cited 2026 Jul. 27];3(especial2):183-9. Available from: https://revistasinstitutoperspectivasglobales.rperspectivasinvestigativas.org/index.php/CER/article/view/916

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.