Sanitas

Revista arbitrada de ciencias de la salud

Vol. 3(1), 9-16, 2024

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10614048

Nursing care for neonates with percutaneous catheterisation

Cuidado de enfermería en neonatos con catéter percutáneo

Carlos Antonio Escobar-Suarez

ua.carlosescobar@uniandes.edu.ec

Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes, Ambato, Tungurahua,

Ecuador

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-1555

ABSTRACT

Objective: to analyse nursing care in neonates with percutaneous catheters. Method: descriptive

documentary study. Results and conclusion: The preventive approach is essential to minimise the

risks associated with the placement, maintenance and maintenance of the central venous catheter.

Constant observation for signs of complications, prevention of disconnections during total parenteral

nutrition and implementation of connectors are fundamental practices to reduce catheter manipulation

and preserve the integrity of the neonate's vascular system.

Descriptors: catheter-related infections; catheter obstruction; catheters indwelling. (Source, DeCS).

RESUMEN

Objetivo: analizar el cuidado de enfermería en neonatos con catéter percutáneo. Método: De tipo

descriptivo documental. Resultados y conclusión: El enfoque preventivo es esencial para minimizar

los riesgos asociados con la colocación, mantenimiento y permanencia del catéter venoso central.

La observación constante de signos de complicaciones, la prevención de desconexiones durante la

nutrición parenteral total y la implementación de conectores son prácticas fundamentales para

reducir la manipulación del catéter y preservar la integridad del sistema vascular del neonato.

Descriptores: infecciones relacionadas con catéteres; obstrucción del catéter; catéteres

permanentes. (Fuente, DeCS).

Received: 03/09/2023. Revised: 12/09/2023. Approved: 15/10/2023. Published: 01/01/2024.

Original in brief

Sanitas

Revista arbitrada de ciencias de la salud

Vol. 3(1), 9-16, 2024

Cuidado de enfermería en neonatos con catéter percutáneo

Nursing care for neonates with percutaneous catheterization

Carlos Antonio Escobar-Suarez

INTRODUCTION

In the neonatal setting, the use of percutaneous catheters has evolved as an

inescapable resource for accurate drug delivery and constant monitoring in

neonates. However, this progress is not without challenges intrinsic to neonatal care,

characterised by unique complexity and extraordinary vulnerability. In this context,

there is a compelling need to develop nursing care strategies that specifically

address the complexities associated with the insertion and indwelling of

percutaneous catheters in this particularly fragile patient group.

Nursing care in the field of neonatology transcends the mere performance of

technical procedures; it requires a thorough understanding of the physiological and

anatomophysiological peculiarities of neonates. The extreme fragility of their health

status imposes the need for a comprehensive and personalised approach in the

management of percutaneous catheters. In this scenario, the role of nursing is a

fundamental pillar, where the experience and skills of nursing professionals play a

crucial role in the prevention and management of possible complications derived

from the presence of these devices.

1 2 3 4 5 6

The research explores the intersection between the application of highly specialised

nursing care and the prevention of complications linked to the presence of

percutaneous catheters in neonates. Through a critical analysis of the current

scientific literature, it aims to highlight efficient practices already established, as well

as to identify possible knowledge gaps that may guide and stimulate future research

in this crucial area of neonatal care. This work seeks to contribute to the continued

advancement of the quality of neonatal care, promoting safer and more effective

care for neonates who depend on the presence of percutaneous catheters in their

medical treatment.

Based on the above, the aim is to analyse nursing care in neonates with

percutaneous catheters.

Sanitas

Revista arbitrada de ciencias de la salud

Vol. 3(1), 9-16, 2024

Cuidado de enfermería en neonatos con catéter percutáneo

Nursing care for neonates with percutaneous catheterization

Carlos Antonio Escobar-Suarez

METHOD

This study adopts a descriptive documentary perspective to exhaustively explore the

medical literature available in PubMed, Scielo, focusing on nursing care in neonates

with percutaneous catheter. The choice of this methodology allowed for a systematic

review that provides a comprehensive view of care practices and ethical

considerations in this specialised field.

The selection of articles was carried out through a search criteria in PubMed, Scielo,

using key terms such as "nursing care", "neonates" and "percutaneous catheter". A

time range of the last five years was established to ensure up-to-date relevance of

the information. After an initial review, 15 relevant articles were identified and

carefully selected for inclusion in the analysis.

The analysis of the selected articles was carried out using a synthetic analytical

method, allowing the key elements of each study to be broken down and understood.

Essential data on nursing care practices specific to neonates with percutaneous

catheters were extracted, focusing on aspects such as insertion techniques,

monitoring and management of possible complications. Synthesis of these data

allowed identification of common patterns and divergences in care practices.

The study was conducted in strict adherence to ethical principles of research,

respecting confidentiality and privacy of information, and obtaining the necessary

ethical consent when applicable. The selection of articles was based on

methodological relevance and quality, ensuring the validity and reliability of the data

extracted. In addition, emphasis was placed on transparency in the presentation of

results and conclusions.

The synthesis of information obtained through this method will provide an enriching

understanding of nursing care practices in neonates with percutaneous

catheterisation, highlighting fundamental ethical considerations in the approach to

this vulnerable population.

Sanitas

Revista arbitrada de ciencias de la salud

Vol. 3(1), 9-16, 2024

Cuidado de enfermería en neonatos con catéter percutáneo

Nursing care for neonates with percutaneous catheterization

Carlos Antonio Escobar-Suarez

RESULTS

The results obtained in this research underline the relevance of risk factors in

percutaneous catheter associated complications in neonates. Prematurity and the

number of punctures during placement emerge as critical elements, showing a direct

connection with the incidence of infections. The association between infection and

prematurity, as well as low birth weight, highlights the inherent immunological

vulnerability of these neonates, reinforcing the need for preventive measures and

specialised care.

7 8 9

In particular, the significant relationship between the number of punctures and the

risk of infection is highlighted, underlining the crucial importance of hand hygiene.

The standardisation of the 5 moments of hand hygiene stands as a fundamental

strategy to mitigate the risk of infection during percutaneous catheter insertion and

stay.

The predominant complication identified in this research is infection, highlighting the

diversity of routes by which pathogens can gain access to the catheter. Non-

compliance with proper hand hygiene, contamination of infusion fluids and the

haematogenous route are potential routes for bacterial introduction, underlining the

imperative need for rigorous hygiene and safety protocols.

11 12

Additional complications, such as occlusion, dislodgement and extravasation, are

not uncommon and emphasise the importance of nursing staff training in

percutaneous catheter management and maintenance. Radiological visualisation

emerges as an essential tool to determine proper catheter positioning and prevent

complications associated with malpositioning or dislodgement.

In relation to nursing care, the preventive approach takes on great relevance.

Identifying and managing the risk of infection during central venous catheter

placement, maintenance and indwelling requires careful attention. Observation for

signs of phlebitis, prevention of disconnections during total parenteral nutrition and

use of connectors are key practices to reduce catheter manipulation and minimise

potential complications.

14 15

Sanitas

Revista arbitrada de ciencias de la salud

Vol. 3(1), 9-16, 2024

Cuidado de enfermería en neonatos con catéter percutáneo

Nursing care for neonates with percutaneous catheterization

Carlos Antonio Escobar-Suarez

CONCLUSION

A preventive approach is essential to minimise the risks associated with central

venous catheter placement, maintenance and indwelling. Constant observation for

signs of complications, prevention of disconnections during total parenteral nutrition

and implementation of connectors are fundamental practices to reduce catheter

manipulation and preserve the integrity of the neonate's vascular system. This study

underscores the need for specialised and personalised nursing care in neonates with

percutaneous catheterisation, with a crucial emphasis on preventive measures,

safety protocols and staff training. These findings provide a solid basis for improving

clinical practices and moving towards safer and more effective care in this highly

sensitive patient group.

FUNDING

Non-monetary

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

There is no conflict of interest with individuals or institutions involved in the research.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To the nurses specialised in neonatal care.

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Sanitas

Revista arbitrada de ciencias de la salud

Vol. 3(1), 9-16, 2024

Cuidado de enfermería en neonatos con catéter percutáneo

Nursing care for neonates with percutaneous catheterization

Carlos Antonio Escobar-Suarez

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Revista arbitrada de ciencias de la salud

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Nursing care for neonates with percutaneous catheterization

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