Cognopolis
Revista de educción y pedagogía
Vol. 3(2), 26-38 2025
https://doi.org/10.62574/0wayeq69
26
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the
comprehensive development of early childhood education students
Modelo STEAM: Enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el
desarrollo integral de estudiantes de educación inicial
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
giulyguerra75@gmail.com
Unidad Educativa Municipal Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7687-4166
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
msilva836@puce.edu.ec
Unidad Educativa Municipal Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2048-7054
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
lorena.guascalay@quito.gob.ec
Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Ambato, Tungurahua, Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0280-7209
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
evelyn.benitez@quito.gob.ec
Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6203-3012
ABSTRACT
This article aims to analyse the STEAM model as an innovative pedagogical approach that
promotes the comprehensive development of early childhood education students in the
Ecuadorian context. A review of 26 scientific papers was conducted. In an Ecuadorian context
characterised by cultural and geographical diversity, STEAM adapts to local educational needs,
promoting the comprehensive development of students through a combination of cognitive, social
and emotional skills. The use of emerging technologies in the classroom facilitates dynamic and
collaborative learning, promoting inclusion and equity. Therefore, the integration of the arts allows
students to express their creativity and understand the world critically. This approach contributes
to the formation of responsible, creative citizens capable of facing the global challenges of the
21st century, aligning with national educational policies that seek to improve the quality of
education in Ecuador.
Descriptors: preschool children; nursery schools; day nurseries. (Source: UNESCO Thesaurus).
RESUMEN
Este artículo se inserta el objetivo de investigación basado en analizar el modelo STEAM como
enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el desarrollo integral de estudiantes de educación
inicial en contexto ecuatoriano. Se trabajó en la revisión documental de 26 trabajos científicos.
En un contexto ecuatoriano caracterizado por su diversidad cultural y geográfica, STEAM se
adapta a las necesidades educativas locales, promoviendo el desarrollo integral de los
estudiantes mediante la combinación de habilidades cognitivas, sociales y emocionales. El uso
de tecnologías emergentes en el aula facilita un aprendizaje dinámico y colaborativo,
favoreciendo la inclusión y la equidad. Por lo tanto, la integración de las artes permite a los
estudiantes expresar su creatividad y entender el mundo de manera crítica. Este enfoque
contribuye a formar ciudadanos responsables, creativos y capaces de enfrentar los desafíos
globales del siglo XXI, alineándose con las políticas educativas nacionales que buscan mejorar
la calidad educativa en Ecuador.
Descriptores: niño en edad preescolar; escuela de párvulos; guardería infantil. (Fuente: Tesauro
UNESCO).
Received: 02/03/2025. Reviewed: 11/03/2025. Approved: 01/04/2025. Published: 03/05/2025.
Review articles
Cognopolis
Revista de educción y pedagogía
Vol. 3(2), 26-38, 2025
Modelo STEAM: Enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el desarrollo integral de estudiantes de
educación inicial
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive development of early
childhood education students
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
27
INTRODUCTION
Education in Ecuador faces the constant challenge of adapting to global changes,
promoting inclusive, equitable, and quality learning that responds to the needs of
all students, regardless of their social and cultural context. In this context, the
STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) educational
model is presented as an innovative pedagogical tool that not only promotes
knowledge in scientific and technological disciplines, but also incorporates the
arts, contributing to the comprehensive development of students from early
education onwards. By integrating multiple disciplines in an interdisciplinary
manner, it promotes essential skills such as critical thinking, creativity, problem
solving and collaboration, which are necessary skills for facing the challenges of
the 21st century (Avendano-Uribe et al., 2022; Hunter-Doniger, 2021).
In Ecuador, cultural, geographical and linguistic diversity requires a flexible
pedagogical approach that addresses the particularities of students, respecting
their identity and promoting their comprehensive development. The STEAM
model, by allowing the inclusion of different areas of knowledge, fits perfectly into
this context, as it offers a space for children to develop not only academic skills,
but also socio-emotional, cultural and creative competencies. In this way, STEAM
promotes a comprehensive education that fosters meaningful learning, active
participation and student empowerment (Bhor & Varghese, 2024; Başaran & Bay,
2023).
Consequently, the implementation of the STEAM model in early childhood
education in Ecuador has the potential to transform the way teachers approach
teaching, integrating innovative methodologies that promote active and
collaborative learning. In this sense, project-based teaching practices, the use of
emerging technologies, and interdisciplinary work allow students to become
active participants in their learning process, developing a closer and more
Cognopolis
Revista de educción y pedagogía
Vol. 3(2), 26-38, 2025
Modelo STEAM: Enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el desarrollo integral de estudiantes de
educación inicial
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive development of early
childhood education students
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
28
meaningful relationship with the educational content (Kangas, Sormunen, &
Korhonen, 2022; Li et al., 2022). Thus, the STEAM model not only enriches
academic knowledge but also fosters the development of critical, creative citizens
who are committed to their community and the environment (Rodrigues-Silva &
Alsina, 2023).
This pedagogical proposal is aligned with national education policies, which seek
to improve educational quality in Ecuador by addressing the challenges of the
education system through the implementation of innovative approaches that
integrate science, technology, mathematics and the arts. Through the adoption of
STEAM, Ecuador has the opportunity to train students capable of facing global
challenges with a critical and creative vision, using scientific and technological
tools in a responsible and ethical manner (Cabello et al., 2021; Marín-Marín et
al., 2021). Therefore, this model represents an invaluable opportunity for early
childhood education, contributing to the development of a more equitable,
inclusive society that is prepared for the challenges of the future.
In accordance with the above, the research objective is to analyse the STEAM
model as an innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive
development of early childhood education students in the Ecuadorian context.
Theoretical contribution
The STEAM model, which integrates the disciplines of Science, Technology,
Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics, has emerged as a promising educational
strategy in modern teaching. In the Ecuadorian context, its implementation is
particularly relevant due to the challenges faced by the education system in terms
of inclusion, equity, and educational quality. Ecuador, with its cultural and
geographical diversity, requires flexible pedagogical approaches that respond to
the specific needs of its students, who come from diverse social, cultural and
economic backgrounds. In this sense, the STEAM approach not only addresses
the development of cognitive skills in academic areas, but also promotes the
Cognopolis
Revista de educción y pedagogía
Vol. 3(2), 26-38, 2025
Modelo STEAM: Enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el desarrollo integral de estudiantes de
educación inicial
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive development of early
childhood education students
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
29
comprehensive development of students, fostering their creativity, social and
emotional skills.
The integration of the arts into the STEAM model is particularly relevant in the
Ecuadorian context, a country with a rich cultural diversity, where traditions and
artistic expressions play a central role in the identity formation of children and
young people. The combination of scientific and artistic disciplines offers a way
for students to not only acquire technical knowledge, but also develop the ability
to express themselves and understand the world in a creative and critical way
(Avendano-Uribe et al., 2022; Bhor & Varghese, 2024). Likewise, the
incorporation of the arts into early education promotes skills that go beyond
academic knowledge, such as empathy, cooperation and communication, which
are essential for the formation of responsible citizens who are committed to their
social and cultural environment (Hunter-Doniger, 2021).
In Ecuador, the implementation of the STEAM model has been driven by various
government initiatives and educational projects at the local and regional levels.
Programmes such as ‘Pequeños Científicos’ (Little Scientists) have shown
positive results in the teaching of science and mathematics in basic education
through the integration of innovative approaches that encourage critical thinking
and problem solving (Cabello et al., 2021). These initiatives have demonstrated
that by promoting active and participatory learning, students not only improve
their academic performance, but also develop a positive attitude towards learning
and greater confidence in their abilities.
The use of emerging technologies has also had a significant impact on STEAM
education in Ecuador, as technological tools such as robotics and educational
applications allow for greater interaction with content and promote more dynamic
and personalised learning. In this regard, Kangas, Sormunen & Korhonen (2022)
mention that the use of technologies in the classroom not only facilitates the
understanding of complex concepts, but also allows students to explore their
Cognopolis
Revista de educción y pedagogía
Vol. 3(2), 26-38, 2025
Modelo STEAM: Enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el desarrollo integral de estudiantes de
educación inicial
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive development of early
childhood education students
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
30
creativity and apply what they have learned in practical contexts. In the
Ecuadorian context, the incorporation of these technologies is crucial, as it
facilitates the overcoming of geographical and social barriers, allowing more
children and young people to have access to quality education, regardless of their
location.
Therefore, the impact of STEAM on early childhood education has shown that
this model contributes to the development of social and emotional skills, in
addition to cognitive skills. In response to this, Başaran & Bay (2023) highlight
that STEAM activities, being project-based, encourage collaboration among
students and teach them to work as a team to solve problems. This perspective
is especially relevant in Ecuador, a country that faces challenges in terms of
social cohesion and the inclusion of historically marginalised populations. In this
way, the STEAM model offers a space for students, regardless of their
background, to collaborate and learn from each other, promoting an inclusive
environment that values diversity.
In this sense, the STEAM model fits perfectly with national education policies that
seek to promote inclusive and quality education. Through its comprehensive
approach, STEAM allows students to develop not only academic knowledge but
also soft skills essential for their personal and professional development. In this
sense, the Ecuadorian education system has begun to adopt more flexible
approaches that integrate different areas of knowledge, facilitating the formation
of well-rounded students capable of facing the challenges of the contemporary
world (Dúo-Terrón et al., 2022). However, challenges remain in terms of
technological infrastructure and teacher training, which must be addressed to
ensure the successful implementation of the model in all regions of the country.
Furthermore, the STEAM model's pedagogical approach is also aligned with the
principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), which promotes flexibility in
teaching to cater to the diversity of students. In Ecuador, where cultural, linguistic
Cognopolis
Revista de educción y pedagogía
Vol. 3(2), 26-38, 2025
Modelo STEAM: Enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el desarrollo integral de estudiantes de
educación inicial
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive development of early
childhood education students
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
31
and cognitive diversity is a determining factor, the STEAM model, with its
multidisciplinary and flexible approach, is an appropriate strategy for responding
to the needs of all students, providing them with opportunities to learn according
to their interests and learning styles (Li et al., 2022; Rodrigues-Silva & Alsina,
2023).
METHOD
This study is part of a documentary review methodology, whose main objective is
to analyse the current state of integration of the STEAM model in early childhood
education, with an emphasis on the Ecuadorian context. This review focused on
the compilation and analysis of 26 scientific papers that address both
international experiences in the implementation of the STEAM model and its
adaptation to the Ecuadorian educational reality.
The criteria for including articles in the review were based on their relevance to
the central themes of the study: early childhood education, the STEAM model
and its applicability in diverse contexts, with an emphasis on the Ecuadorian
context. Priority was given to studies that presented empirical results and
theoretical reviews related to the implementation of STEAM in primary and early
childhood education, teacher training in STEAM, and the impact of this approach
on students' cognitive, social, and emotional development.
The document analysis was carried out using a qualitative approach, focusing on
identifying and extracting the main themes and patterns emerging from the
selected texts. To this end, each of the 26 scientific papers was read, highlighting
points related to the application of the STEAM model in early childhood
education, the integration of disciplines, the use of technologies and the
pedagogical methodologies employed.
Cognopolis
Revista de educción y pedagogía
Vol. 3(2), 26-38, 2025
Modelo STEAM: Enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el desarrollo integral de estudiantes de
educación inicial
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive development of early
childhood education students
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
32
RESULTS
The implementation of the STEAM model in early childhood education offers a
transformative pedagogical perspective that responds to the need to develop
cognitive, emotional, and social skills in children from the earliest stages of their
academic training. The STEAM approach, which integrates Science, Technology,
Engineering, Arts and Mathematics, has proven to be an effective tool for
fostering critical thinking, creativity and problem solving, essential qualities in
today's world. This model is perfectly suited to the Ecuadorian educational
context, characterised by its cultural and geographical diversity, which requires
inclusive and flexible pedagogical methods that can meet the diverse needs of
students.
One of the essential elements of STEAM is its interdisciplinary approach, which
not only promotes learning in specific areas but also integrates different
disciplines in a holistic manner. Therefore, it is not just an educational trend but a
response to the demands of the 21st century, where education must prepare
students not only with knowledge but also with skills to face complex and dynamic
challenges. In this sense, studies have shown that the STEAM model contributes
significantly to the development of cognitive skills in younger students, favouring
both their ability to understand scientific and mathematical concepts and their
ability to apply creativity through art (Bertrand & Namukasa, 2023; Bhor &
Varghese, 2024).
The use of STEAM-based projects has been highlighted by various authors as
one of the best practices for promoting meaningful learning in early education.
According to Başaran & Bay (2023), STEAM activities in preschool education not
only foster the development of cognitive skills, but also social skills, such as
collaboration and communication. These projects allow children to work together
to solve complex problems, which helps them understand the importance of
teamwork and develop social skills essential for their comprehensive
Cognopolis
Revista de educción y pedagogía
Vol. 3(2), 26-38, 2025
Modelo STEAM: Enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el desarrollo integral de estudiantes de
educación inicial
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive development of early
childhood education students
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
33
development. It is important to note that the use of project-based learning
methodology has a positive impact on student motivation, a fundamental factor
in maintaining their interest and commitment to the educational process (Li et al.,
2022; Hunter-Doniger, 2021).
Therefore, the STEAM approach is presented as a driver of creativity, in which,
according to Kangas, Sormunen & Korhonen (2022), emerging technologies play
a crucial role in the integration of this pedagogical model, as the use of
technological tools such as mobile applications and robotics not only facilitates
the learning of science and mathematics, but also allows children to express their
creativity through artistic means. In this sense, the combination of art and
technology in the classroom offers fertile ground for the development of
interdisciplinary projects that foster innovation and critical thinking. This approach
also reinforces students' ability to understand and apply abstract concepts in a
practical and dynamic context, which improves knowledge retention
(Wahyuningsih et al., 2020; Zhan et al., 2023).
On the other hand, the implementation of STEAM in early education not only
benefits students, but also has a positive impact on the professional training of
teachers. Consequently, the model requires educators to not only possess
knowledge in specific areas, but also to be able to integrate different disciplines
in a creative and effective manner. This implies that teachers must update their
pedagogical skills and adopt a flexible and adaptable approach in their daily
practice (Monkeviciene et al., 2020). The use of STEAM in teacher training
contributes to the professionalisation of educators, enabling them to address
student diversity and adapt to their particular needs (Pant et al., 2020). This
approach also fosters a culture of continuous learning, which is key in the digital
age, where educational demands are constantly evolving.
The application of STEAM also has a direct impact on the sustainability of
learning, particularly in terms of research and analysis skills. According to
Cognopolis
Revista de educción y pedagogía
Vol. 3(2), 26-38, 2025
Modelo STEAM: Enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el desarrollo integral de estudiantes de
educación inicial
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive development of early
childhood education students
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
34
Rodrigues-Silva & Alsina (2023), the STEAM model in early childhood education
promotes sustainable inquiry behaviours, allowing students to develop a deep
understanding of social and environmental issues. This prepares children to
address global challenges through an integrated approach that encompasses
both science and the arts, enabling meaningful learning that lasts over time.
In the Ecuadorian context, the adoption of the STEAM model could contribute to
overcoming gaps in access to quality education, as the country's social and
cultural diversity requires inclusive education that values different forms of
knowledge and expression. In this sense, the STEAM model allows students to
learn in a contextualised way, actively involving them in their environment and
local issues, which enhances their sense of belonging and social responsibility
(Cabello et al., 2021; Dúo-Terrón et al., 2022). By integrating the arts and local
culture, the model not only fosters intellectual development but also an
appreciation for cultural identity, a cross-cutting issue in a country as diverse as
Ecuador.
CONCLUSION
The STEAM model is presented as an innovative and flexible pedagogical
strategy that effectively responds to the needs of the Ecuadorian education
system, characterised by its cultural, social and geographical diversity. By
integrating scientific disciplines with the arts, it not only promotes students'
cognitive development, but also fosters socio-emotional skills and key
competencies such as critical thinking, creativity and problem solving. This
interdisciplinary approach enables students to tackle complex and dynamic
challenges, preparing them for a globalised future. Furthermore, the
implementation of emerging technologies in the educational process helps to
overcome geographical and social barriers, facilitating access to equitable and
quality education. In this way, STEAM aligns with Ecuador's goals of inclusive
and quality education, shaping students with a critical, creative, and responsible
mindset, capable of addressing the challenges of the 21st century.
Cognopolis
Revista de educción y pedagogía
Vol. 3(2), 26-38, 2025
Modelo STEAM: Enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el desarrollo integral de estudiantes de
educación inicial
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive development of early
childhood education students
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
35
FINANCING
Non-monetary
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
There is no conflict of interest with individuals or institutions linked to the
research.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
To teachers who are committed to working towards a better society through
education.
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Modelo STEAM: Enfoque pedagógico innovador que favorece el desarrollo integral de estudiantes de
educación inicial
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive development of early
childhood education students
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
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educación inicial
STEAM Model: An innovative pedagogical approach that promotes the comprehensive development of early
childhood education students
Giuliana Katherine Guerra-Hernández
Marcela Soledad Silva-Jiménez
Ivonne Lorena Guascalay-Remache
Evelyn Cristina Benítez-Caizatoa
37
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